Redrawing the AI Map: A Theory of Accountability Boundaries in Agentic Ecosystems

Muhammad Zia Hydari, Farooq Muzaffar

arXiv:2605.23179 · 2026-05-25 공개 · arXiv · PDF

agentic-ai accountability-boundaries rule-debt digital-platform-governance transaction-cost complementary-assets organizational-disaggregation value-appropriation

Abstract

Agentic AI orchestrators reduce the interface and assembly costs of composing information systems capabilities across organizational boundaries, seemingly accelerating modularization and organizational disaggregation. Yet AI-enabled capabilities whose outputs require evidence, review, signoff, or assignable responsibility may retain integrated accountability boundaries even when their technical interfaces become modular. We develop a capability-level theory of accountability-boundary placement in agentic ecosystems. We introduce accountability assets: complementary assets that make AI-supported outputs legitimate, auditable, reviewable, and assignable to a responsible party. We argue that verification cost and responsibility transferability determine whether the execution and accountability boundaries can move together. The theory identifies three boundary strategies: component, integrated, and dual-track. It also introduces rule debt, the governance burden that accrues when organizational decision rules migrate from formal information systems into ungoverned agentic execution environments. Integrating digital innovation, transaction cost, complementary-assets, digital platform governance, and IS control perspectives, we develop seven propositions linking agentic assembly-cost reductions, accountability assets, appropriability, orchestrator intent capture, and boundary misconfiguration to boundary strategy, value appropriation, and rule debt. The theory explains when digital modularization extends to organizational disaggregation and when accountability keeps capabilities integrated. Structured illustrations across document processing, legal services, audit, clinical decision support, and procurement discipline the boundary logic.

한국어 요약

📋 한 줄 요약

**[Accountability Boundary / Agentic Ecosystem]** Capability-level theory가 accountability asset·rule debt·세 가지 경계 전략(component/integrated/dual-track)으로 agentic AI 생태계의 책임 경계 배치를 7개 명제로 형식화.

🎯 핵심 기여도

💡 핵심 아이디어

Agentic AI 시대에 capability 모듈화 ≠ 조직 분해 — 책임 측면의 검증 비용·이전 가능성이 실제 경계를 결정하며, accountability asset과 rule debt 두 핵심 개념이 boundary 전략 선택의 lens가 된다.

🔬 기술적 접근법

📊 주요 결과

💭 의의 및 한계

**의의**: Agentic AI 시대의 조직 경계·책임 거버넌스에 대한 첫 capability-level 통합 이론, "모듈화 = 분해" 가정에 대한 본격 반박, 실무 boundary 의사결정의 분석 도구 제공. **한계**: 이론·개념 논문 — 실증 검증 후속 필요, 7 명제의 측정 가능성·반증 가능성 검증 미완, 5 도메인 예시로 industry 일반화 한계.

🚀 실용적 활용