AI-Enabled Serious Games: Integrating Intelligence and Adaptivity in Training Systems

Priyamvada Tripathi, Bill Kapralos

arXiv:2605.21962 · 2026-05-23 공개 · arXiv · PDF

reinforcement-learning llm adaptive-learning learning-analytics ai-integration learner-modeling serious-games dynamic-difficulty-adjustment

Abstract

Serious games are widely used for learning and training across domains such as healthcare, defense, and education. Persistent challenges remain, however, including static scenario design, authoring bottlenecks, limited learner modeling, and difficulty implementing meaningful real-time instructional adaptation. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) introduce novel capabilities such as dynamic scenario variation, contextual feedback, adaptive pacing, and learner-state modeling that may help address some of these limitations. At the same time, integrating AI into serious games raises important questions related to validity, transparency, system control, and learner trust. This chapter examines how contemporary AI approaches may support real-time instructional adaptation in serious games. It distinguishes between instructional intelligence, defined as a system's capacity to infer learner knowledge and reason about pedagogically appropriate responses, and adaptivity, defined as the ability to modify instructional actions during interaction. A historical synthesis of adaptive learning systems is presented, tracing developments from early computer-assisted instruction through intelligent tutoring systems (ITS), dynamic difficulty adjustment (DDA), authoring platforms, learning analytics, and recent AI-enabled architectures. Building on this perspective, the chapter discusses how large language models (LLMs), reinforcement learning (RL), and agent-based architectures may contribute to more integrated forms of intelligence and adaptivity in serious games. It also highlights practical and research challenges associated with AI-enabled systems, including explainability, validation, computational cost, and the limited empirical evidence regarding long-term learning outcomes in AI-enabled serious games.

한국어 요약

한 줄 요약

**[Serious Games / AI Tutoring]** AI 기반 serious game에서 instructional intelligence와 adaptivity를 구분, ITS·DDA·LLM·RL·에이전트 아키텍처가 실시간 적응 학습에 기여하는 경로와 validity·transparency 도전 분석.

핵심 기여도

핵심 아이디어

AI-enabled serious game의 발전을 체계화하려면 "지능"과 "적응성"을 별개 차원으로 구분하고, ITS·DDA·LLM·RL·에이전트 등 historical method들이 두 차원에 어떻게 기여해 왔는지 정리한 후, 미래 AI 통합의 explainability·validation·empirical evidence 도전을 명시해야 한다.

기술적 접근법

주요 결과

의의 및 한계

**의의**: AI-enabled serious game 분야의 개념 framework 정리, 역사적 method와 최신 AI 통합 path 연결, validity·trust 도전의 정량 가시화. **한계**: 챕터·서베이 성격으로 신규 알고리즘 부재, AI-enabled 시스템의 long-term 학습 효과 empirical evidence 부족이 핵심 미해결, 도메인별 일반화는 별도 검증 필요.

실용적 활용