VBFDD-Agent for Electric Vehicle Battery Fault Detection and Diagnosis: Descriptive Text Modeling of Battery Digital Signals

Joey Chan, Zhen Chen, Ershun Pan

arXiv:2605.20742 · 2026-05-22 공개 · arXiv · PDF

llm-reasoning fault-detection descriptive-text-modeling maintenance-recommendation vehicle-battery anomaly-monitoring cross-domain-adaptability structured-diagnosis

Abstract

With the rapid proliferation of electric vehicles, the safety and reliability of lithium-ion batteries have become critical concerns. Effective anomaly detection is essential for ensuring safe battery operation. However, as battery systems and operating scenarios become increasingly complex, battery fault diagnosis and maintenance require stronger cross-domain adaptability and human-AI collaboration. Traditional fault detection and diagnosis methods are usually designed for specific scenarios and predefined workflows, making them less effective in complex real-world applications. To address the scarcity of open-source battery fault report corpora and the lack of unified maintenance knowledge representation, this study proposes a descriptive text modeling approach for battery signal reports. Monitoring signals, statistical features, anomaly records, and state assessment results are transformed into structured and readable natural language descriptions, forming a language corpus for battery health diagnosis and maintenance. Based on this corpus, we propose VBFDD-Agent, a vehicle battery fault detection and diagnosis agent for automotive-grade battery systems. VBFDD-Agent integrates descriptive battery-state texts, historical case retrieval, local maintenance manuals, and large language model reasoning to generate structured diagnostic results and maintenance recommendations. Experiments show that the proposed framework can accurately perform anomaly monitoring based on descriptive textual representations and provide flexible, efficient, and actionable maintenance suggestions. Expert evaluation further confirms the practical value of the generated recommendations. Overall, VBFDD-Agent extends traditional battery diagnosis from label prediction to interpretable and maintenance-oriented decision support.

한국어 요약

한 줄 요약

**[전기차 배터리 / 진단 에이전트]** VBFDD-Agent는 배터리 디지털 신호를 자연어 텍스트로 변환(descriptive text modeling) + RAG·로컬 매뉴얼·LLM 추론을 결합한 차량 배터리 fault detection·diagnosis 에이전트로, 정확한 이상 모니터링·실행 가능 정비 권고 제공.

핵심 기여도

핵심 아이디어

전기차 배터리 fault diagnosis의 cross-domain·human-AI 협력 요구는 신호를 직접 분류하는 것이 아니라, 디지털 신호를 구조화된 자연어로 변환하고 case retrieval·매뉴얼·LLM 추론을 결합해 interpretable·maintenance-oriented 의사결정 지원으로 확장하는 데서 충족된다.

기술적 접근법

주요 결과

의의 및 한계

**의의**: 배터리 fault diagnosis를 label prediction 너머 interpretable·maintenance-oriented로 격상, 신호의 텍스트화로 LLM·retrieval 활용 가능, 오픈소스 corpus 부족 문제 해결 접근, 전문가 평가로 실용성 검증. **한계**: Descriptive text modeling의 신호 손실 가능성, retrieval·LLM 추론의 hallucination 위험, abstract에서 정량 정확도 미명시, automotive-grade 배터리 시스템에 한정.

실용적 활용